Volume 112, March 2025

Research Article Open Access
The Multifaceted Role of Methylorubrum in Plant Growth Promotion and Abiotic Stress
Authors: A. R. U. Pragadeesh, M. Siva, D. Shanmugapriya, K. Prakash, M. Senthil Kumar
Volume: 112
Issue: March
Pages: 154-163
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29321/MAJ.10.701209
Abstract:
Many microorganisms inhabit and interact with plants and play a significant role in improving overall productivity and sustainability. Among the microorganisms, bacteria contribute more to fostering plant growth and development. They are collectively known as Plant Growth Promoting bacteria (PGPRs). Methylorubrum is one such group of bacterial genera that has both plant growth-promoting ability and abiotic stress mitigation. Methylorubrum, a member of alpha-proteobacteria, is ubiquitous and can colonize the entire plant system, gaining significant importance in crop production due to its multifaceted abilities. Due to their pink pigmentation, members of the Methylorubrum genus are collectively known as Pink Pigmented Facultative Methylotrophs (PPFM). They improve plant growth through mineral solubilisation, phytohormone production, ACC deaminase, and siderophore production. Methylorubrum with potential applications in agriculture can be used as a bio stimulant, biofertilizer, and biocontrol agent. This review provides thoughtful insights into the multidimensional role of Methylorubrum in sustainable agriculture.
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Research Article Open Access
GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oil from the Leaves of Hyptis suaveolens Identifies Bioactive Phytochemicals with Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Devaki K, Uma D
Volume: 112
Issue: March
Pages: 143-153
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29321/MAJ.10.701208
Abstract:
Essential oils have been identified for their vital relevance and uses in many areas, ranging from pharmaceutical, medicinal, food flavouring, and preservation. Essential oils’ potency and viability for various applications are attributed to the constituent bioactive compounds, which constitute their active agents. Essential oils are mainly isolated and recovered from plant substrates by adopting different extraction methods. This study extracts the essential oil from Hyptis suaveolens leaves using the Cleventure apparatus. The oil extracted was analysed for antioxidant activity and subjected to GC-MS analysis. The results indicated the antioxidant power of essential oil, and the compounds identified through GC-MS analysis were reported to contain numerous biological activities
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Assessment of Diversity in Kasuri Methi (Trigonella corniculata L.) Using Morphological and Molecular Markers with Physiological Character Analysis
Authors: Pritish Priyadarshi swain, Sunita Gupta, Ambika Baldev Gaikwad, Nitin Kumar Garg, Ramesh Chand Meena, N.K. Gupta
Volume: 112
Issue: March
Pages: 133-142
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29321/MAJ.10.701163
Abstract:
Kasuri methi (Trigonella corniculata L.) is an annual herb that is primarily grown in Northern India during the rabi season. The demand for Kasuri methi is increasing every year,but the production is decreasing due to the decreasing availability of water. The genetic divergence evaluation in Kasuri methi germplasm is essential to increase its adaptability in other areas and breed drought tolerant varieties. The selection of breeding parents and the conservation of germplasm depend on the availability of genetic diversity among Kasuri methi genotypes. Therefore, it was important to characterize available germplasm of Kasuri methi using morphological, physiological, and molecular parameters. Environmental factors and crop development stages impact a plant’s morpho-physiological traits. Compared to morphological and physiological examination, molecular indicators take far less time and are not affected by the environment or the stages of plant development The study was done with 18 genotypes for morpho-physiological and 24 genotypes were used for molecular analysis. For morphological studies, the minimal descriptors provided by NBPGR, New Delhi, were used. Relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll, carotenoid content, and membrane stability index were recorded during the flowering stage for physiological studies. The RWC and MSI showed significant variation among genotypes, while carotenoid and chlorophyll content showed non-significant variation. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that morphophysiological characters, along with molecular markers such as SSR markers, are an efficient method for analysing the biodiversity among Kasuri methi genotypes, and sufficient diversity exists in the genotypes. The maximum dissimilarity was observed between JKM13 and JKM6 based on the morphological characters. Based on molecular characters, the maximum dissimilarity exists between JKM6 and PS2. Both cases JKM6 stand out from the others in the dendrograms, which ranged from 0.600 to 0.967. The maximum similarity between PS6 and PS7 was found, and the minimum similarity between JKM6 and PS2. Both cases JKM6 stand out from the others in the dendrograms
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Research Article Open Access
Carbon Sequestration Potential and Co-benefits of Agroforestry Systems: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Jothieswaran V, Vidhyavathi A
Volume: 112
Issue: March
Pages: 118-132
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29321/MAJ.10.701205
Abstract:
Agroforestry, characterized by the integration of trees and crops on the same land, has emerged as a viable strategy to address environmental and socio-economic challenges in India. This comprehensive review evaluates the carbon sequestration potential of diverse agroforestry systems and their associated co-benefits. These systems efficiently sequester atmospheric CO2 in both above-ground biomass and soil, thus playing a role in climate change. Carbon sequestration potential varies with agroforestry practices because of differences in tree species, management practices, and site conditions. Some of these systems include alley cropping, silvopasture, home gardens, windbreaks, and riparian buffers, can sequester carbon. Besides carbon sequestration, agroforestry systems provide numerous ecosystem services, including soil protection, species conservation, water control, food production, income diversification and vulnerability reduction to climatic fluctuations. Economic analyses suggest that it can produce income through carbon offset markets, wood, and other non-wood products. Examples include the Subabul Agroforestry System in Haryana, Agri-Horti-Silviculture Systems in the North Eastern Hill areas, and the Wadi Model in Gujarat to capture carbon and store, which helps to earn additional income and empower the society. However, constraints like low technical know-how, poor policies and legislations on land tenure systems are barriers to adopting agroforestry. Future research efforts should focus on the following; estimation of sequestration capacity per region, examination of co-benefits, duplication of successful strategies by other regions, and incorporation of agroforestry into existing agriculture frameworks. This means that interdisciplinary cooperation and knowledge sharing must be encouraged and strengthened
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White Muscardine Fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales): Role in Plant Protection and Techniques for Mass Production and Cultivation – A Review
Authors: Praveen T, PRAKASH K, Eniya Arumugam, Nivedha Muthusamy
Volume: 112
Issue: March
Pages: 103-117
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29321/MAJ.10.701204
Abstract:
The white muscardine fungus, Beauveria bassiana, is a well-known entomopathogenic fungus with great potential in integrated pest management strategies. Its ability to infect and control a wide range of insect pests and its environmentally friendly profile have positioned it as a valuable tool for sustainable agriculture. This review provides a concise overview of the techniques and considerations for the mass production and cultivation of Beauveria bassiana. The successful mass production of Beauveria bassiana relies on various factors, including strain selection, culture media, environmental conditions, and bioreactor design. This review also outlines vital methodologies and strategies to optimize the growth and sporulation of the fungus, ensuring a high-quality product for pest control applications. Furthermore, the cultivation of Beauveria bassiana in liquid fermentation, solid-state fermentation, and submerged fermentation systems is discussed, along with their respective advantages and limitations. Different substrates, nutritional requirements, and aeration parameters are highlighted in these cultivation methods, allowing for a better understanding of the most suitable approach for specific applications
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Research Article Open Access
Evaluation of Different Approaches of Fertilizer Recommendations on Yield, Nutrient Uptake, and Use Efficiency of Finger Millet (Eleusine Coracana L. Garten)
Authors: Sinchana, M.A, Krishna Murthy, R, Bhavya, N, Govinda, K, Shivakumara, M.N
Volume: 112
Issue: March
Pages: 94-102
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29321/MAJ.10.701201
Abstract:
The effect of fertilizer application based on “fertilizing the soil versus fertilizing the crop,” which ensures real balance between the applied and available soil nutrients, is urgently needed. Hence, the present study was conducted during Kharif 2022 at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Mandya to assess the effect of imbalance and balance fertilization based on initial soil test values and targeted yields, and to determine the effect of different approaches of fertilizer recommendation on yield, nutrient uptake and use efficiency of finger millet crop. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design comprising seven treatments. The results revealed that significantly higher grain yield (46.30 q ha‒1), straw yield (67.90 q ha‒1), total uptake of nitrogen (218.49 kg ha‒1), phosphorus (24.75 kg ha‒1) and potassium (165.74 kg ha‒1) of finger millet was observed in STCR based NPK + FYM application for the targeted yield of 45 q ha‒1 based on actual soil test values which was superior compared to general recommended dose (GRD) and soil fertility rating approach (SFR) approach. The higher apparent recovery efficiency (ARE), agronomic nutrient use efficiency (ANUE) of NPK, and partial factor productivity (PFP) of N and K were recorded in the STCR approach compared to SFR and GRD. Whereas the PFP of phosphorus was noticed to be higher in the soil fertility rating approach, and the IUE of NPK was recorded as higher in the absolute control. Further, the higher economics in terms of benefit cost ratio (BCR) was recorded in treatment with the STCR NPK alone application for yield target of 45 q ha‒1 based on soil test value compared to other treatments, thus proving the superiority of the STCR approach over other approaches of fertilizer recommendation.
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Research Article Open Access
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Land Use/Land Cover Changes and Urban Growth Dynamics in Salem District, India (1985–2024): Integrating Elevation and Infrastructure Networks
Authors: Maheshkumar P, Balaji Kannan, Sakthivel R, Geethakarthi A
Volume: 112
Issue: March
Pages: 68-73
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29321/MAJ.10.700MA4
Abstract:
This study examines the spatial and temporal Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) changes in the Salem district, Tamil Nadu, over nearly four decades (1985–2024). Using remote sensing data and geospatial techniques, the landscape was classified into five major categories: agriculture, built-up, barren land, forest, and waterbodies. LULC data for 1985 and 2005 were obtained from national repositories, while the 2024 classification was generated from Sentinel-2 imagery using the Random Forest algorithm within the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The results reveal significant urban expansion, reduced agricultural and forest areas, and a rise in barren land. Spatial analysis indicates that urban growth is strongly associated with transportation networks and low elevation areas. These findings highlight the need for integrated land use planning and sustainable resource management to mitigate the environmental impacts of rapid urbanization
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Research Article Open Access
Phytochemical and In-SilicoAnalysis of the PotentAntidiabetic Compound from Cactus (Opuntia ficus–indica) cladode
Authors: Saranya N, Preethieswari P, Vellaikumar
Volume: 112
Issue: March
Pages: 85-93
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29321/MAJ.10.700MA6
Abstract:
The present investigation aimed to identify the bioactive compounds inOpuntia ficus cladode and their pharmaceutical importance, which was evaluated through phytochemical and in-silico screening. The cladode’s phytochemical screening revealed alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, proteins, terpenoids,glycosides, steroids, saponins etc. A total of 25 compounds were identified in the gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, and an active metabolite 2-Thophene carboxylic acid-5methyl was selected for in-silico docking study againstfour human protein targets namely, Human Estrogen receptor (PDB ID: 3ERT) (anti-cancer), HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (PDB ID: 4CC8) (anti-HIV), Human C-reactive protein (PDB ID: 1GNH) (anti-inflammation) and Human 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I (11beta-HSD1) (PDB ID: 1XU7) (anti-diabetes) respectively via Schrodinger version 9.3. Among the four target proteins, the potent inhibition observed against Human 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I (11beta-HSD1) (PDB ID: 1XU7) is involved in type 2 diabetes. Therefore, Opuntia ficuscladodes can be explored in managing type 2 diabetes.
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Research Article Open Access
Use of Virtual Reality Simulation Practices for Farmers Training
Authors: Devayan Chatterjee, Supratim Sadhu, Dip Mondal, Dharmadas Kalindi
Volume: 112
Issue: March
Pages: 74-84
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29321/MAJ.10.701159
Abstract:
Virtual reality (VR) improves farming training by mirroring real-life farm scenarios. VR employs immersive technology, e.g., digital twin systems, to mimic the development of crops, handle livestock rearing, and enhance supply chain management. Training based on VR improves experiential competencies, allows informed decision-making, and delivers low-cost, eco-friendly agriculture solutions while addressing misinformation on climate change. The simulation of virtual reality (VR) revolutionizes agricultural education by crafting engaging environments that reflect authentic farming experiences. The research highlights the components of the VR system and examines its uses in areas like virtual crop simulation, precision farming, digital twin-based management of livestock, and optimizing supply chains. Additionally, VR can combat misinformation about climate change, boosting practical competencies and strategic decision-making for sustainable agricultural methods.
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Research Article Open Access
Blossom Harmony: Investigating Peak Pollinator Visitation Patterns in Mustard, Bhendi and Maize Crops
Authors: Balaji BN, Sumithramma N, Vidya Mulimani, Manjunatha R, Mahendran
Volume: 112
Issue: March
Pages: 29-35
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29321/MAJ.10.111095
Abstract:
As the global population surges, the demand for sustainable food production intensifies, highlighting the pivotal role of pollinators in agricultural systems. With 87 out of 115 major crops relying on animal pollination, the decline in global pollinator populations raises concerns about its impact on agricultural productivity. This study delves into the temporal dynamics of pollinator visitation in three crucial crops—mustard, bhendi, and maize—essential for human nutrition and global agro-economies. Through meticulous field observations and data analytics, the research reveals peak pollinator activities in these crops. A. florea and A. cerana emerge as significant pollinators in mustard and bhendi, exhibiting distinct peak hours. Syrphids also contribute notably, particularly during morning hours. In maize, wind pollination prevails, with A. cerana as the sole observed pollinator. The study emphasizes the necessity of understanding and managing pollinator communities to optimize crop yield and ecosystem health. The findings offer insights for farmers and policymakers to implement targeted strategies supporting pollinator populations. By fostering blossom harmony, where crops and pollinators coexist synergistically, sustainable agricultural practices can be promoted. This research advances our comprehension of crop-specific pollination patterns, laying a foundation for future studies to optimize pollination strategies and enhance agricultural productivity.
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Research Article Open Access
Precision in Prediction: Groundwater Level Forecasting with Random Forest Regression in Coimbatore's Upper Bhavani River Basin Area
Authors: Er.Ravanashree, Dr.Balaji Kannan, Dr.K.Arunadevi, Dr.CS.Sumathi
Volume: 112
Issue: March
Pages: 52-57
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29321/MAJ.10.701133
Abstract:
This study presents a highly accurate method for predicting groundwater levels using Random Forest Regression (RFR) in Coimbatore, India's Upper Bhavani River Basin area. Daily groundwater level data from 1995 to 2021 were analysed along with relevant environmental factors. The model demonstrated exceptional presentation, with R² values of 0.9999 and 0.9994 for training and testing datasets.
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Research Article Open Access
Construction of an Index to Measure Agripreneurship Behavior of Open Distance Learners in Tamil Nadu
Authors: C.K. Nivedha, N.Sriram, P. Balasubramaniam, M. Nirmala Devi
Volume: 112
Issue: March
Pages: 58-67
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29321/MAJ.10.701148
Abstract:
Agriculture provides the raw materials necessary for the production of secondary goods, other commodities for export, and agricultural and horticultural products to satisfy the necessities of man. While agripreneurship makes the sector more attractive and profitable. Apart from increasing the socio-economic status of the country, agripreneurship paves the way for farmers to increase their living standards, generate employment opportunities for the unemployed and underemployed, and ensure food and nutritional security. In this connection, it is essential to promote agripreneurship programs and schemes, but they require an understanding of the entrepreneurship behavior of agripreneurs. In this regard, the present study constructed an entrepreneurship behavior index based on ten dimensions, such as leadership skills, planning skills, technical skills, business management or networking skills, financial skills, personality skills, motivation skills, decision making skills, communication skills, and problem-solving skills. The developed index was tested for reliability and found to be 0.89. This implies that this index can be used to measure the entrepreneurship behavior index of agripreneurs.
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Research Article Open Access
Climate Variability and Rainfall Patterns in Hyderabad: A 42-Year Statistical Analysis
Authors: Guhan Velusamy, Dharma Raju Akasapu, Nagaratna Kopparth, Sravani Alanka
Volume: 112
Issue: March
Pages: 40-51
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29321/MAJ.10.7000MA3
Abstract:
This study investigates the variability and trends in rainfall and temperature in Hyderabad over 42 years from 1981 to 2022. The research uses non-parametric tests and statistical tools to analyze meteorological data to understand regional climatic changes. The findings reveal significant seasonal variations in rainfall, with the highest variability observed during the pre-monsoon, post-monsoon, and winter seasons. The study also highlights a consistent increase in maximum temperatures and a slight increase in minimum temperatures. Evapotranspiration (ETo) data analysis indicates considerable monthly variability, reflecting Hyderabad’s diverse climatic conditions. Notably, the study identifies a declining trend in seasonal rainfall during the JJAS season and significant variability in ETo across different months. These results underscore the importance of continuous monitoring and adaptive strategies to manage water resources and mitigate the impacts of climate change.
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Research Article Open Access
The Effects of Organic Manures and Silicon Nutrition on the Productivity of Rice
Authors: C. Raajkiran, S. Jawahar
Volume: 112
Issue: March
Pages: 36-39
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29321/MAJ.10.701129
Abstract:
A field experiment was carried out during the Samba season of 2022-2023 at the Experimental Farm, Department of Agronomy, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, to study the effect of organic manures and silicon nutrition on the productivity of rice. The treatments comprised of T1 – Recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF) (150:50:50 kg NPK ha-1), T2 – RDF + Farm Yard Manure (FYM) @ 12.5 t ha-1, T3 – RDF + Green manure (GM) @ 6.25 t ha-1, T4 - RDF + Poultry manure (PM) @ 2 t ha-1, T5 – RDF + FYM @ 12.5 t ha-1 + PM @ 2 t ha-1, T6 – RDF + GM @ 6.25 t ha-1 + PM @ 2 t ha-1 , T7 - RDF + FYM @ 12.5 t ha-1 + Si @ 200 kg ha-1 through Diatomaceous Earth (DE), T8 – RDF + GM @ 6.25 t ha-1+ Si @ 200 kg ha-1 through DE, T9- RDF + PM @ 2 t ha-1+ Si @ 200 kg ha-1 through DE, T10- RDF + FYM @ 12.5 t ha-1+ PM @ 2 t ha-1 + Si @ 200 kg ha-1 through DE, T11- RDF + GM @ 6.25 t ha-1+ PM @ 2 t ha-1+ Si @ 200 kg ha-1 through DE. The treatments were laid out in randomized block design and replicated thrice. Among the different treatments imposed, T11- RDF + GM @ 6.25 t ha-1 + PM @ 2 t ha-1+ Si @ 200 kg ha-1 through DE recorded the highest yield Root length (cm), Root volume (cc) of rice.
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Research Article Open Access
Seasonal Incidence of Pod Borer Complex- Spotted Pod Borer, Maruca Vitrata (Geyer) and Pea Blue Butterfly, Lampides Boeticus (Linnaeus) in Black Gram In Relation To Weather Parameters
Authors: C. Praveenkumar, M. Kandibane
Volume: 112
Issue: March
Pages: 15-20
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29321/MAJ.10.112032
Abstract:
Seasonal incidence of the spotted pod borer M. vitrata showed that the larval incidence appeared first at 42nd SW (14 larvae/ 50 plants) and had its highest peak at 45th SW (52 larvae/ 50 plants) during Kharif 2020. During Rabi 2020 – 2021, the pest appeared from 13th SW onwards (12 larvae/ 50 plants) and reached its highest peak at 16th SW (42 larvae/ 50 plants). Studies on seasonal incidence revealed that the peak population of the pod borers, spotted pod borer M. vitrata showed that the peak larval incidence at 45th Standard Week (SW) (52 larvae/ 50 plants) and at 16th SW (42 larvae/ 50 plants), the larval incidence of the pea blue butterfly, L. boeticus had its highest peak at 44th SW (52 larvae/ 50 plants) and 16th SW (46 larvae/ 50 plants) during Kharif 2020 and Rabi 2020 – 2021, respectively. The correlation study showed that a positive correlation was observed for M. vitrata at maximum (0.79) and minimum temperature (0.24), and rainfall (0.17). Negative correlation was recorded with maximum (-0.09) and minimum relative humidity (RH) (-0.12) and a positive correlation was observed with maximum (0.68) and minimum temperature (0.65), minimum RH (0.04) and rainfall (0.36). Negative correlation was recorded with maximum RH (-0.62), in L. boeticus a positive correlation was observed between the incidence of and maximum temperature (0.74), maximum (0.16), and minimum RH (0.13) and rainfall (0.33), a negative correlation was recorded with minimum (-0.15) and a significant positive correlation was observed with maximum (0.70) and minimum temperature (0.71), and minimum RH (0.17) and rainfall (0.43), while a negative correlation was recorded with maximum RH (-0.59) during Kharif 2020 and Rabi 2020 – 2021, respectively.
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Research Article Open Access
Effectiveness of Retail Communication Tools with reference to Spar Hyper Markets of Coimbatore City in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Lakshmanan S, Balaji Parasuraman, Santosh Kumar M, Mugilan K
Volume: 112
Issue: March
Pages: 10-16
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29321/MAJ.10.112034
Abstract:

Hypermarkets in Coimbatore, such as Reliance Fresh, SPAR and D-Mart, use various sales promotions like discounts, bundling, loyalty programs, and festival promotions to attract price-sensitive consumers and boost the sales. These strategies enhance brand loyalty, drive impulse buying, and encourage frequent visits, contributing to increased sales and customer retention. The aim is to determine the effectiveness of various sales promotion activities employed by retailers and their effect on sales performance. It also aims to study customer purchase behaviour in response to these incentives and identify significant elements that influence the purchasing decisions of the consumer. This study analyses data from 79 out of 100 respondents which is fit to the study and carried out from the month of May 2024 to September 2024 and primary data was collected from July 2024 to August 2024, using several statistical tools such as One-way ANOVA- descriptives, and independent t-test. The study found significant gender differences in how people respond to sales promotions. Females are more influenced by price discounts (p < 0.002), ‘Buy one get one’ offers (p < 0.004), and consider them good offers (p < 0.001). However, males are more welcoming to free samples and demonstrations (p = 0.014). While ‘Buy one get one’ offers are effective for all genders, coupons were found to have no noticeable influence. Overall, promotions such as Buy one get one and price discounts are more effective with women, whereas free samples and demos are more suited to attracting male customers.

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Research Article Open Access
To Study the Profile Characteristics of National Horticulture Mission farmers in Krishnagiri District of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Mokesh S, T. Raj Pravin
Volume: 112
Issue: March
Pages: 1-7
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29321/MAJ.10.112033
Abstract:

The study done on the profile characteristics of National Horticulture Mission farmers in Krishnagiri district revealed that the majority (53.33%) of the NHM beneficiaries belonged to the old and middle age (40.00%) category. They were educated from primary school (20.00%), functional literate (18.33%), High School (16.67%), Intermediate (11.67%) and Illiterate level (8.33%). Majority do farming (66.67%) and farming with animal husbandry (23.333%) according to this study. Regarding land holding, the majority (55%) are small and marginal farmers (21.67%). They possess medium (51.67%) annual income and 40% belong to low medium income category. With regard to farmers experience, they had high (43.33%) and low level (38.34%) of farming experience. They possess medium (60.00%) and low (28.34%) less of extension agency contact. Majority (60.00%) had a medium level of risk orientation, followed by 33.67% with a high level of risk orientation in Krishnagiri district. The majority had (45.00%) medium level of scientific orientation followed by a medium to high level of mass media exposure (26.67%) in this study.

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Research Article Open Access
Nutraceutical profile of red gram genotypes with reference to phenols, phytic acid and antioxidant distribution
Authors: D.Uma, P. Jayamani, S. Rubila, J. Raguna
Volume: 112
Issue: March
Pages: 21-28
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29321/MAJ.10.112031
Abstract:

Red gram is a widely consumed pulse and a good source of protein in the vegetarian diet. In addition to its nutritional qualities, it possesses therapeutic properties by virtue of the bioactive phytoconstituents, especially phenol. Phenols are a major group of secondary metabolites widely distributed in the plant kingdom. It occurs as derivatives or isomers of the various classes of phenols viz., flavonoids, polyphenols, phenolic acids. The recent focus of phenols is the antioxidant potential that is responsible for several therapeutic effects of these compounds. The distribution of total phenols and flavonoids has been studied in seventy red gram lines, including short duration, mid duration, perennial and dual types. Total phenol content varied from 50 mg/100 g in ICPL 19003 and ICPL 19020 to 600 mg/100 g in the variety BSR-1. Total flavonoids range between 10 mg/100g to 80 mg/100g. Phytate content of the red gram genotypes ranged from 0.155 to 4.35mg/g on a dry weight basis and are indicated to be of therapeutic value. DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and H2O2 radical scavenging activity of red gram genotypes were studied. Results indicate BSR-1, ICPL 19022, ICPL88039, and ICPL19036 have high antioxidant values. The nutraceutical properties expressed in red gram make it an ideal choice of pulse in therapeutic food in addition to its role as protein source.

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