Foraging Behaviour of Different Honeybees on
Sunflower – A Comparative Study
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Author:M. Ramya, M. Muthuraman and P.A. Saravanan
p-ISSN:0024-9602, e-ISSN:2582-5321, Vol:101, Issue:oct-dec
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29321/MAJ.10.001219
Abstract
Sunflower is a bee loving crop. The foraging behaviour of Apis dorsata L. was studied in
comparison with Indian bee (A. cerana indica) and stingless bee (Trigona sp.) on this crop.
A.dorsata outnumbered the other two bee species on capitulum after anther dehiscence
during all the three stages of blooming. A. dorsata population varied at different hours of the
day showing a bimodal distribution. The foragers were active from 10.00 to 11.00 am in the
forenoon and 2.00 to 3.00 pm in the afternoon. Foraging behaviour showed distinct variation
according to the floral reward collected. A.dorsata alone was found to tap the nectar fully due
to its longer lapping tongue. Exclusive pollen collectors were rare. Majority of the foragers
collected both pollen and nectar. Exclusive nectar foragers intentionally discarded the pollen
load before final take off. Rains adversely affected the time of commencement and cessation
of foraging. Among all the bee species studied, A.dorsata was the best pollinator of sunflower
based on pollinator efficiency index. Wild honey bees like A.dorsata have to be conserved in
crop ecosystem where planned pollination with hive bees is not in vogue.
Key words : Apis dorsata, Apis cerana indica, pollinator, honey bees, Helianthus annuus